全部事件
1970–1979
- 1977年5月17日
The 'upheaval': Likud wins. For the first time, power shifted from Mapai and its heirs, in office for 29 years, to the right-wing bloc under Menachem Begin. The Alignment fell to 32 seats; Likud won 43. The result became known as "the upheaval." (Israel Democracy Institute) - 1977年11月19日
Sadat visits Jerusalem. Begin received Egyptian President Anwar Sadat on his visit to Jerusalem. (Haaretz, February 22, 2012) - 1978年9月17日
Camp David framework signed. After 11 days of talks at Camp David, Begin signed a framework for a peace treaty with Egypt. Israel agreed to withdraw from the entire Sinai Peninsula. (Haaretz, February 22, 2012) - 1979年3月26日
Peace treaty with Egypt. At the White House, Begin signed the peace treaty with Egypt, the first agreement of its kind between Israel and an Arab state. (Haaretz, February 22, 2012)
1980–1989
- 1982年6月6日
Israel invades Lebanon. Israel invaded Lebanon, with Ariel Sharon as defense minister. Sharon lost the post after Israeli-allied Christian militia killed hundreds of Palestinians in west Beirut refugee camps that September. (Times of Israel, January 11, 2014) - 1984年9月13日
Unity government with rotation. Shimon Peres of the Alignment became prime minister of a government that included Likud, with Likud's Yitzhak Shamir as foreign minister. Shamir replaced Peres as prime minister on Oct 20, 1986. (Knesset, Governments of Israel (Internet Archive copy, 2013)) - 1987年12月8日
First intifada begins. After an Israeli vehicle in Gaza caused a crash that killed four Palestinians, protests broke out in the Jabalia refugee camp. The uprising, the first intifada, spread to the occupied West Bank. (Al Jazeera, December 8, 2023)
1990–1999
- 1991年10月30日
Madrid peace conference. A conference co-chaired by Presidents Bush and Gorbachev opened with Israeli, Egyptian, Syrian and Lebanese delegations and a joint Jordanian-Palestinian one: the first time all parties to the Arab-Israeli conflict met for direct talks. (US State Department, Office of the Historian) - 1993年9月13日
Oslo Accords signed. Israel and the PLO signed the first Oslo Accord, in which each side recognized the other for the first time. A second accord followed in September 1995. (Al Jazeera, September 13, 2023) - 1994年10月26日
Peace treaty with Jordan. At the Arava border crossing, Israel and Jordan signed a peace treaty. Jordan became the second Arab country, after Egypt, to make peace with Israel. (Jerusalem Post, October 26, 2025) - 1995年11月4日
Rabin assassinated. Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin was shot dead by Yigal Amir, a far-right Jewish activist, at a rally of more than 100,000 people in Tel Aviv. In the Oslo talks Rabin had agreed to cede some territory won in 1967 to the PLO in exchange for peace. (Jerusalem Post, November 4, 2025) - 1996年5月29日
First direct election of a PM. For the first time voters cast two ballots, one for the Knesset and one for prime minister. Netanyahu beat Peres by about 30,000 votes, under one percent, and sectoral parties gained seats. (Israel Democracy Institute) - 1999年5月17日
Barak wins second direct election. Ehud Barak beat Netanyahu for prime minister by a convincing margin, but his One Israel list won only 26 seats. For the first time the two largest factions held fewer than half the Knesset's seats. (Israel Democracy Institute)
2000–2009
- 2000年5月24日
Israel leaves southern Lebanon. The last Israeli troops withdrew from southern Lebanon, ending an 18-year presence in the security zone. The army's stay there from June 1982 had cost 1,216 Israeli soldiers' lives. (Times of Israel, May 21, 2015) - 2000年7月25日
Camp David summit ends without a deal. Between July 11 and 24, Prime Minister Ehud Barak and Chairman Yasser Arafat met at Camp David under President Clinton's auspices but could not reach a permanent-status agreement. Both sides pledged to keep negotiating. (American Presidency Project (Trilateral Statement), July 25, 2000) - 2000年9月28日
Sharon visit; second intifada. Opposition leader Ariel Sharon visited the Temple Mount, which Muslims call the Noble Sanctuary, and violence erupted. Palestinians attribute the uprising to the visit; his supporters say it was already planned. (Times of Israel, January 11, 2014) - 2001年2月6日
PM-only election: Sharon wins. In the first election ever held for prime minister alone, with no Knesset vote, Sharon beat Barak with 62.4%. Turnout, 62.3%, was the lowest in Israel's history to that point. A month later Israel returned to its former system. (Israel Democracy Institute, 2002) - 2003年1月28日
Back to a single ballot. Sharon had abolished direct election of the prime minister, and Israel returned to single-ballot elections. Held during the second intifada, the vote gave his Likud 38 seats to Labor's 19. (Israel Democracy Institute) - 2005年8月17日
Gaza disengagement. Sharon's government began a unilateral withdrawal from Gaza and a small part of the West Bank, reversing his decades of support for expanding settlements. (Times of Israel, January 11, 2014) - 2005年11月21日
Sharon leaves Likud, founds Kadima. Facing a Likud rebellion over the Gaza pullout, Prime Minister Sharon quit Likud to lead a new centrist party, later named Kadima, into early elections. (Al Jazeera, November 21, 2005) - 2006年1月4日
Sharon's stroke. On the eve of a scheduled heart procedure, Sharon suffered a massive stroke and entered a coma. He was still in a coma in 2013 and died in January 2014. (Times of Israel, January 11, 2014) - 2006年7月12日
Second Lebanon War. Hezbollah fighters killed three Israeli soldiers and seized two in a cross-border raid, setting off 34 days of fighting in Lebanon. (Al Jazeera, August 27, 2006) - 2007年6月15日
Hamas takes control of Gaza. Fighting between Fatah forces and Hamas resumed in Gaza on June 9, and by June 15 Hamas had full control of the Strip; the internal violence killed 188 Palestinians, OCHA reported. President Mahmoud Abbas dissolved the unity government on June 14. (UN OCHA, July 26, 2007) - 2008年12月27日
Gaza war of 2008–09. Israel's "Operation Cast Lead" lasted until Jan 18, 2009. Its airstrikes, shelling and ground operations killed 1,383 Palestinians, 333 of them children, OCHA reported. Rockets and mortars from Gaza killed three Israeli civilians; ten Israeli soldiers were killed. (UN OCHA, March 11, 2017) - 2009年3月31日
Netanyahu returns to office. The Knesset approved Netanyahu's government, Israel's 32nd, by 69–45 with five abstentions, after he assembled a coalition amid tensions within Likud. (Haaretz, March 31, 2009)
2010–2019
- 2011年9月3日
Social protests peak. After a summer of tent protests over the high cost of living, more than 400,000 people rallied for "social justice" across Israel, in what was called the biggest protest in the country's history. (Ynet, September 4, 2011) - 2012年11月14日
Gaza war of November 2012. In eight days of fighting before an Egyptian-brokered ceasefire, 158 Palestinians were killed in Gaza, 103 of them civilians, including at least 33 children, and six Israelis were killed, four civilians and two soldiers, OCHA reported. (UN OCHA, November 22, 2012) - 2014年7月7日
Gaza war of 2014. In fighting from July 7 to Aug 26, 2,251 Palestinians were killed in Gaza, 1,462 of them civilians and 551 children, according to a UN commission of inquiry's figures published by OCHA; 67 Israeli soldiers and six civilians in Israel were killed. (UN OCHA, June 23, 2015) - 2018年7月19日
Nation-state law passes. The Knesset passed, 62–55, a Basic Law stating that the right to national self-determination in Israel is "exclusive" to the Jewish people. It downgraded Arabic from an official language to a "special status." (Al Jazeera, July 19, 2018) - 2019年5月30日
First of five elections fails. After the April vote, Netanyahu could not form a coalition: Liberman's Yisrael Beytenu and the Haredi parties split over the draft law. The Knesset dissolved itself 74–45, forcing an unprecedented second election that year. (Times of Israel, May 30, 2019) - 2019年11月21日
Netanyahu indicted. Attorney General Avichai Mandelblit announced that Netanyahu would be charged with bribery, fraud and breach of trust in Cases 1000, 2000 and 4000. He was the first sitting Israeli prime minister accused of bribery. (Haaretz, November 21, 2019)
2020–2029
- 2020年5月17日
Netanyahu–Gantz unity government. After a third election, the Knesset approved a Netanyahu–Gantz government 73–46. Under the deal, Benny Gantz was to become prime minister on Nov 17, 2021. (Times of Israel, May 17, 2020) - 2020年9月15日
Abraham Accords signed. At the White House, Israel signed agreements with the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, which joined Egypt and Jordan as Arab states at formal peace with Israel. (Times of Israel, September 15, 2020) - 2020年12月10日
Morocco joins the normalization deals. Morocco agreed to normalize relations with Israel, the fourth country since August after the UAE, Bahrain and Sudan. As part of the deal, President Trump recognized Morocco's sovereignty over the Western Sahara. Palestinian officials condemned it. (Al Jazeera, December 10, 2020) - 2021年5月12日
Violence in mixed cities. Amid fighting in Gaza and clashes around Al-Aqsa Mosque, Jewish and Arab mobs attacked each other in Lod, Acre, Ramle and Bat Yam, the widest unrest between citizens since October 2000, when police killed 13 protesters, 12 of them Palestinian citizens of Israel. (Times of Israel, May 14, 2021) - 2021年6月2日
Ra'am signs on to a coalition. Mansour Abbas signed a deal to bring Ra'am into the Bennett–Lapid coalition, the first Arab party leader in half a century to do so. The coalition pledged about NIS 53 billion for Arab communities. (Times of Israel, June 3, 2021) - 2021年6月13日
Bennett–Lapid government sworn in. The Knesset approved the new government 60–59, ending Netanyahu's 12-year tenure. Naftali Bennett became prime minister. (Times of Israel, June 13, 2021) - 2022年6月30日
Knesset dissolves; Lapid PM. The Knesset dissolved itself 92–0 and set the fifth election in three and a half years for Nov 1. Yair Lapid became interim prime minister at midnight. (Times of Israel, June 30, 2022) - 2022年11月1日
Netanyahu bloc wins 64 seats. The two blocs were nearly tied in votes, but Meretz and Balad fell below the threshold. Likud and its allies won 64 seats, enough for Netanyahu to form a "pure" right-wing government. (Israel Democracy Institute) - 2023年1月4日
Judicial overhaul unveiled. Justice Minister Yariv Levin proposed barring the courts' "reasonableness" review, giving the government effective control of judicial appointments, and letting 61 MKs re-enact laws the court strikes down. (Times of Israel, January 4, 2023) - 2023年3月27日
Overhaul paused after strike. After mass protests and a nationwide strike, Netanyahu delayed the overhaul: "When there's an opportunity to avoid civil war through dialogue, I, as prime minister, am taking a time out for dialogue." (Al Jazeera, March 27, 2023) - 2023年7月24日
'Reasonableness' law passes. The Knesset passed 64–0 a law limiting the courts' review of government decisions for "reasonableness." The opposition boycotted the vote. (Al Jazeera, July 24, 2023) - 2023年10月7日
Hamas-led attack on Israel. Thousands of Hamas-led gunmen stormed southern Israel, killing some 1,200 people and taking 251 hostages to Gaza, which started the war in Gaza. (Times of Israel, October 5, 2024) - 2023年10月8日
Hezbollah opens fire on Israel. UN peacekeepers saw about 40 rockets and mortars fired from Lebanon at three Israeli army positions in the Israeli-held Shebaa Farms area. Hezbollah said it acted "in solidarity with the triumphant Palestinian resistance." Exchanges of fire across the border followed. (UN Secretary-General, report on resolution 1701, November 16, 2023) - 2023年11月24日
First truce and hostage releases. A seven-day truce began. Hamas freed 105 hostages, 81 of them Israelis, and Israel released 210 Palestinian prisoners, all women or minors. Fighting resumed on Dec 1. (Times of Israel, December 2, 2023) - 2024年1月1日
Court voids reasonableness law. Eight of 15 Supreme Court justices voted to strike down the reasonableness amendment, the first time the court nullified a Basic Law or an amendment to one. Twelve ruled that it had that power. (Al Jazeera, January 2, 2024) - 2024年1月26日
ICJ orders provisional measures. In South Africa v. Israel, the International Court of Justice ordered Israel, 15–2, to take all measures within its power to prevent acts under Article II of the convention invoked, and, 16–1, to enable humanitarian aid to Gaza. It has not ruled on the merits. (International Court of Justice, January 26, 2024) - 2024年6月25日
Court orders Haredi draft. A unanimous nine-justice panel ruled there is "no legal basis for avoiding the recruitment of yeshiva students" and that the state may not keep funding yeshivas for students eligible for service. (Times of Israel, June 25, 2024) - 2024年11月21日
ICC warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant. The International Criminal Court rejected Israel's challenges to its jurisdiction and issued arrest warrants for Netanyahu and Yoav Gallant, defense minister at the time, for "the war crime of starvation as a method of warfare" and crimes against humanity. (International Criminal Court, November 21, 2024) - 2025年1月19日
Gaza ceasefire takes effect. A ceasefire began and Hamas freed its first three hostages under a deal whose first phase was to last 42 days. (Al Jazeera, January 19, 2025) - 2025年3月18日
War resumes; Ben-Gvir returns. Israel launched its deadliest strikes on Gaza since the January ceasefire. Hours later, Itamar Ben-Gvir's Otzma Yehudit, which had resigned in January in protest at the ceasefire, announced it would rejoin. (Al Jazeera, March 18, 2025) - 2025年6月13日
Twelve-day war with Iran. Israel bombed Iranian nuclear sites at Natanz and Isfahan, and Iran retaliated with drones and missiles. President Trump announced a ceasefire, calling it "the 12 Day War." (Al Jazeera, June 24, 2025) - 2025年7月14日
UTJ quits the coalition. Both factions of United Torah Judaism, Degel Hatorah and Agudat Yisrael, left the government and coalition in protest over the draft bill, cutting the coalition from 68 seats to 61. (Times of Israel, July 15, 2025) - 2025年7月16日
Shas quits the government. Shas announced its resignation from the government amid the coalition's failure to advance a bill on military service for Haredi men, but said it would not vote to bring down Netanyahu's coalition. (Haaretz, July 16, 2025) - 2025年8月22日
IPC finds famine in Gaza. The IPC hunger monitor found an estimated 514,000 people in Gaza, nearly a quarter of its population, experiencing famine. Netanyahu's office called the finding an "outright lie" and said Israel "has a policy of preventing starvation." (Times of Israel, August 23, 2025) - 2025年10月13日
Last living hostages come home. Under a ceasefire deal brokered by President Trump, Hamas released the 20 remaining living hostages and Israel released nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners. That day Hamas handed over 4 of the 28 dead hostages' bodies. (Times of Israel, October 13, 2025) - 2025年10月15日
Gaza's toll after two years of war. As of Oct 15, 2025, Gaza's Health Ministry had reported 67,938 Palestinians killed and 170,169 injured since Oct 7, 2023, OCHA said; of the 67,173 dead it had identified by Oct 7, 20,179 were children. (UN OCHA, October 16, 2025) - 2026年2月28日
US and Israel strike Iran. The United States and Israel launched strikes on Iran two days after US–Iran nuclear talks in Geneva ended without a breakthrough. Iran responded with missile and air strikes across the region, including on Israel. (Al Jazeera, February 28, 2026) - 2026年7月17日
Knesset dissolves; vote set. The 25th Knesset dissolved itself 62–0 overnight and set the election for Oct 27, 2026. A separate vote kept mandatory military service at 32 months. (Ynet, July 17, 2026) - 2026年10月2日
Court reinstates Arab lists. The Supreme Court unanimously overturned the Central Elections Committee's disqualification of the Joint List and Ra'am. Balad leader Sami Abu Shehadeh withdrew after the court signaled a majority favored barring him. (Al Jazeera, October 2, 2026)
议会选举
| 议会选举 | 第一大名单 | 第二大名单 | 投票率 | 结果 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1977年5月17日 议会选举 9 | Likud 43 | Alignment 32 | 79.2% | Begin formed a coalition of Likud, the National Religious Party and Agudat Yisrael; Dash joined four months later. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 1981年6月30日 议会选举 10 | Likud 48 | Alignment 47 | 78.5% | Begin formed a narrow 61-seat coalition of Likud, the National Religious Party, Tami and Agudat Yisrael. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 1984年7月23日 议会选举 11 | Alignment 44 | Likud 41 | 78.8% | Peres and Shamir formed a national unity government, agreeing to swap the premiership after two years. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 1988年11月1日 议会选举 12 | Likud 40 | Alignment 39 | 79.7% | Shamir formed another unity government with the Alignment, without rotation; after it fell in March 1990 he formed a narrow right-wing and religious government. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 1992年6月23日 议会选举 13 | Labor 44 | Likud 32 | 77.4% | Rabin formed a Labor–Meretz–Shas coalition of 62 MKs, with outside support from five Arab-party MKs. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 1996年5月29日 议会选举 14 | Labor 34 | Likud 32 | 79.3% | Netanyahu, elected prime minister directly by about 30,000 votes, formed a six-faction coalition of 66 MKs. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 1999年5月17日 议会选举 15 | One Israel 26 | Likud 19 | 78.7% | Barak, elected prime minister directly, formed a seven-faction coalition of 75 MKs. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 2003年1月28日 议会选举 16 | Likud 38 | Labor 19 | 67.8% | Sharon formed a coalition of Likud, Shinui, the National Religious Party and National Union, with 68 MKs. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 2006年3月28日 议会选举 17 | Kadima 29 | Labor 19 | 63.5% | Olmert formed a coalition of Kadima, Labor, Shas and Gil, with 67 MKs. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 2009年2月10日 议会选举 18 | Kadima 28 | Likud 27 | 64.8% | Although Kadima won one more seat, a majority backed Netanyahu, who formed a six-party coalition of 74 MKs. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 2013年1月22日 议会选举 19 | Likud Beitenu 31 | Yesh Atid 19 | 67.8% | Netanyahu formed a four-party coalition of 68 MKs. (Israel Democracy Institute; Israel Democracy Institute (Ofer Kenig), April 15, 2026) |
| 2015年3月17日 议会选举 20 | Likud 30 | Zionist Union 24 | 72.3% | Netanyahu formed a five-party coalition of 61 MKs. (Israel Democracy Institute; Israel Democracy Institute (Ofer Kenig), April 15, 2026) |
| 2019年4月9日 议会选举 21 | Likud 35 | Blue and White 35 | 68.5% | Netanyahu could not form a coalition, and the Knesset voted 74–45 to dissolve itself, a month after being sworn in. (Israel Democracy Institute; Times of Israel, May 30, 2019) |
| 2019年9月17日 议会选举 22 | Blue and White 33 | Likud 32 | 69.8% | Neither Netanyahu nor Gantz assembled a coalition, and the Knesset dissolved, setting a third election. (Israel Democracy Institute; Times of Israel, December 12, 2019) |
| 2020年3月2日 议会选举 23 | Likud 36 | Blue and White 33 | 71.5% | Netanyahu and Gantz formed a rotation government, approved 73–46 on May 17, 2020; Gantz was to take over in November 2021. (Israel Democracy Institute; Times of Israel, May 17, 2020) |
| 2021年3月23日 议会选举 24 | Likud 30 | Yesh Atid 17 | 67.4% | After Netanyahu failed, Lapid assembled an eight-party coalition with Yamina's Bennett as prime minister. (Israel Democracy Institute) |
| 2022年11月1日 议会选举 25 | Likud 32 | Yesh Atid 24 | 70.6% | Netanyahu formed a six-party coalition of Likud, Religious Zionism, Otzma Yehudit, Noam, Shas and UTJ, approved 63–54 on Dec 29, 2022. (Israel Democracy Institute; Times of Israel, December 29, 2022) |